Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Tidal Mixing Signatures in Indonesian Seas from High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature

With their complex narrow passages and vigorous mixing, the Indonesian seas provide only low-latitude pathway between Pacific Indian Oceans thus play an essential role in regulating Pacific-Indian Ocean exchange, regional air-sea interaction, ultimately, global climate phenomena. While previous investigations using remote sensing numerical simulations strongly suggest that this mixing is tidally driven, impacts of monsoon El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tidal must important role. Here we use high-resolution sea surface temperature from June 2002 to 2021 reveal ENSO modulations mixing. The largest spring-neap (fortnightly) signals are found be localized passages/straits sills, with more during southeast (boreal summer) than northwest winter monsoon) La Niña. Therefore, which necessarily responds seasonal interannual changes stratification, also a feedback variability water mass transformations throughflow. findings have implications for longer-term variations Pacific–Indian ocean transformation, circulation, climate.